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{\title    When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one }{\author Jessica Marie Marchlik}{\operator Paul D. Amer}{\creatim\yr2005\mo2\dy15\hr13\min15}{\revtim\yr2005\mo2\dy15\hr13\min15}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords1248}
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\par    When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one 
\par    people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with
\par    another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate
\par    and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God
\par    entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that
\par    they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
\par 
\par    We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created
\par    equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable
\par    rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
\par    That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men,
\par    deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That
\par    whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is
\par    the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new
\par    government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its
\par    powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their
\par    safety and happiness.  Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments
\par    long established should not be changed for light and transient causes;
\par    and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more
\par    disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by
\par    abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.  But when a long
\par    train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object
\par    evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their
\par    right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new
\par    guards for their future security.  Such has been the patient sufferance
\par    of these colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them
\par    to alter their former systems of government.  The history of the present
\par    King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations,
\par    all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over
\par    these states.  To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
\par 
\par    He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary
\par    for the public good.
\par 
\par    He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and
\par    pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent
\par    should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to
\par    attend to them.
\par 
\par    He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large
\par    districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of
\par    representation in the legislature, a right inestimable to them and
\par    formidable to tyrants only.
\par 
\par    He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, 
\par    and distant from the depository of their public records, for the
\par    sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
\par 
\par    He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with
\par    manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
\par 
\par    He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others
\par    to be elected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation,
\par    have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the state
\par    remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from
\par    without, and convulsions within.
\par 
\par    He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that
\par    purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing
\par    to pass others to encourage their migration hither,  and raising the
\par    conditions of new appropriations of lands.
\par 
\par    He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent 
\par    to laws for establishing judiciary powers.
\par 
\par    He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of
\par    their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
\par 
\par    He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of
\par    officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.
\par 
\par    He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the
\par    consent of our legislature.
\par 
\par    He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to
\par    civil power.
\par 
\par    He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to
\par    our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to
\par    their acts of pretended legislation:
\par 
\par    For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
\par 
\par    For protecting them, by mock trial, from punishment for any murders 
\par    which they should commit on the inhabitants of these states:
\par 
\par    For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world:
\par 
\par    For imposing taxes on us without our consent:
\par 
\par    For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury:
\par 
\par    For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses:
\par 
\par    For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring
\par    province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging
\par    its boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for
\par    introducing the same absolute rule in these colonies:
\par 
\par    For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and
\par    altering fundamentally the forms of our governments:
\par 
\par    For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves
\par    invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
\par 
\par    He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his
\par    protection and waging war against us.
\par 
\par    He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burned our towns,
\par    and destroyed the lives of our people.
\par 
\par    He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to
\par    complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun
\par    with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the
\par    most barbarous ages, and totaly unworth the head of a civilized
\par    nation.
\par 
\par    He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high seas
\par    to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their
\par    friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.
\par 
\par    He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored
\par    to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian 
\par    savages, whose known rule of warfare, is undistinguished destruction
\par    of all ages, sexes and conditions.
\par 
\par    In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in
\par    the most humble terms: our repeated petitions have been answered
\par    only by repeated injury.  A prince, whose character is thus marked by
\par    every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free
\par    people.
\par 
\par    Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren.  We
\par    have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to
\par    extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us.  We have reminded them
\par    of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here.  We have
\par    appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have
\par    conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these
\par    usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and
\par    correspondence.  We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which
\par    denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of
\par    mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends.
\par 
\par    We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, in
\par    General Congress, assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the
\par    world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the
\par    authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and
\par    declare, that these united colonies are, and of right ought to be free and
\par    independent states; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the
\par    British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the
\par    state of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as
\par    free and independent states, they have full power to levey war, conclude
\par    peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts
\par    and things which independent states may of right do.  And for the support
\par    of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine
\par    Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes
\par    and our sacred honor.
\par 
\par }}